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| 表面の説明 | The obverse features the armorial shield of Pope Innocent XII (Antonio Pignatelli), displaying the Pignatelli family arms — three cooking pots arranged in heraldic fashion — set within an ornate baroque cartouche. The shield is surmounted by the papal tiara and the crossed keys of Saint Peter, symbols of pontifical authority, rendered in high relief with elaborate baroque ornamentation. Flanking the shield are decorative scrollwork and foliate mantling typical of late 17th-century Roman engraving. The circular Latin legend reads INNOCEN · XII · PONT · M · A · VII ·, identifying the pope and his seventh year of pontificate. The overall composition is characteristic of the refined medallic style of the Hamerani workshop. |
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| 表面の銘文 | INNOCEN · XII · PONT · M · A · VII · (Translation: Innocent 12th Supreme Pontiff Year 7) |
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| 追加情報 |
Innocent XII, elected in 1691 after a two-year vacancy that nearly broke the College of Cardinals, spent much of his pontificate dismantling the nepotism that had enriched his predecessors. His 1692 bull Romanum decet Pontificem formally prohibited popes from granting estates, offices, or revenues to relatives — a genuine structural reform, not mere rhetoric. By 1698, the year of this testone, he was also pressuring Louis XIV to abandon Gallicanism, a campaign that bore fruit just three years later.
The testone denomination by this period was already in decline as a practical monetary unit, surviving largely in papal issues on the strength of ceremonial and diplomatic habit.