Innocent XI was locked in an escalating feud with Louis XIV throughout the 1680s over the Gallican Articles and the right of régale — the French crown's claim to collect revenues from vacant bishoprics. By 1686 the two were effectively in open ecclesiastical war, with Louis expelling the papal nuncio and Innocent refusing to confirm royal episcopal appointments. The motto on this testone, drawn from Acts 20:35, was not decorative piety; Innocent ran the papal finances with genuine austerity, personally reviewing expenditures and redirecting funds toward the Holy League campaign against the Ottomans.
He was beatified in 1956. The cause had stalled for nearly two centuries partly due to French political opposition.
Innocent XI was locked in an escalating feud with Louis XIV throughout the 1680s over the Gallican Articles and the right of régale — the French crown's claim to collect revenues from vacant bishoprics. By 1686 the two were effectively in open ecclesiastical war, with Louis expelling the papal nuncio and Innocent refusing to confirm royal episcopal appointments. The motto on this testone, drawn from Acts 20:35, was not decorative piety; Innocent ran the papal finances with genuine austerity, personally reviewing expenditures and redirecting funds toward the Holy League campaign against the Ottomans.
He was beatified in 1956. The cause had stalled for nearly two centuries partly due to French political opposition.