1 Teston - Philip Moritz

Hanau-Münzenberg's teston production in this period falls squarely within the monetary chaos preceding the Thirty Years' War, when dozens of minor German counts and lords exploited lax imperial oversight to strike silver at progressively debased standards. Philip Moritz, who ruled from 1612, was among the smaller Rhenish counts scrambling to assert fiscal independence through coinage rights — the Münzrecht — while imperial authority over the coinage system was effectively collapsing ahead of the Kipper- und Wipperzeit debasement crisis that erupted around 1619.

KM#36 spans exactly those threshold years, making it impossible to assign a single monetary context to the type.