1 Tanka - al-Kamil Khalil b. Ahmad Countermarked

Hisn Kayfa, the fortress city perched above the Tigris in what is now southeastern Turkey, was among the last Ayyubid holdouts — outlasting the main Syrian Ayyubid sultanates by nearly two centuries. Al-Kamil Khalil b. Ahmad ruled this rump emirate during its terminal decades, as Timurid pressure from the east and Turkmen confederacies hemmed in the dynasty on every side. The countermark on this tanka is the telling detail: it reflects revalidation of coinage already in circulation, a practice that signals monetary stress and disrupted mint output rather than orderly production.