1 Tanka - al-Ashraf Ahmad

Hisn Kayfa — the fortress city on a basalt promontory above the Tigris in what is now southeastern Turkey — was an Ayyubid successor state that outlasted most of its peers by sheer geographic stubbornness. Al-Ashraf Ahmad ruled as the penultimate Ayyubid lord of the emirate, which survived well into the fifteenth century largely because the Turkmen confederacies pressing from the north found the citadel more trouble than it was worth. The tanka denomination itself was borrowed from the broader Islamic monetary vocabulary of the period, reflecting the commercial reach of Timurid and post-Mongol trade networks into the upper Tigris region.

The emirate fell in 1524 to the Ottomans under Selim I's successors — one of the last Ayyubid lines extinguished.