1 Tanga - Filipe III Goa mint to Malaca

Philip III of Spain — Philip II of Portugal — ruled a combined Iberian empire stretched across three continents, yet his Indian Ocean mints operated under chronic silver shortages exacerbated by the Estado da India's deteriorating grip on the spice trade. The Goa mint struck tangas explicitly destined for Malacca as transactional currency for the Portuguese trading network in the Strait, a logistical chain already under serious pressure from Dutch VOC aggression throughout the 1620s.

Malacca would fall to the VOC in 1641, making issues from this window the last Portuguese coinage intended for that entrepôt.