1 Tael - Guangxu Pei Yang

The Pei Yang Arsenal at Tianjin was primarily a weapons manufactory, not a mint — its coin production was incidental to its core function and short-lived. This copper tael piece dates to the final years of the Guangxu Emperor's reign, a period fractured by the aftermath of the First Sino-Japanese War and, by 1900, the Boxer Uprising. Whether intended for circulation or as pattern pieces testing new denominations, KM#Pn3 is catalogued as a pattern, and surviving examples are rare enough that establishing a meaningful population is difficult.