1 Sultani - Selim II

Selim II inherited the Ottoman sultanate in 1566 following the death of Suleiman the Magnificent at the siege of Szigetvár — a death deliberately concealed from the army for weeks to prevent disorder before the succession was secured. The gold sultani itself had been standardized under Suleiman as a direct commercial response to the Venetian ducat, which had dominated eastern Mediterranean trade for two centuries. Selim's treasury maintained the type without interruption, though his reign is better remembered for the catastrophic naval defeat at Lepanto in 1571 than for any monetary innovation.