1 Stuiver

The VOC was in terminal decline by the time these stuivers were struck — the company formally collapsed in 1799, its debts absorbed by the Batavian Republic. Issues from this final window of production were minted for circulation in the Dutch colonial territories, primarily the Indonesian archipelago, where the company had maintained monetary control for over a century. Copper coinage of this period was often struck under inconsistent press conditions at facilities far from Amsterdam.

The diameter variation documented for this type — a two-millimeter spread — reflects real production inconsistency rather than cataloging uncertainty.