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1 Stiver / Patard - John of Hornes Shield, short cross
| Issuer | Liege, Prince-bishopric of |
|---|---|
| Year | 1486 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Technique | Hammered |
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| Obverse description | Central field occupied by the crowned heraldic shield of the Hornes family, displaying the characteristic triple-forked device (three pairs of buffalo horns or antlers conjoined), set within a beaded inner circle. The shield is surrounded by stylized clouds and flames rendered in low relief, lending an ornate Gothic character to the design. The circumferential legend runs between the inner beaded circle and the outer toothed border. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | A short floriated cross with trefoil terminals at each arm occupies the central field, contained within a beaded inner circle. The four quarters formed by the cross arms are adorned with foliate or fleur-de-lis-style decorative elements, consistent with late-medieval Gothic die-cutting conventions. The circumferential legend incorporates the last two digits of the date (86) at the end of the inscription, running between the inner beaded circle and the outer toothed rim. |
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| Additional information |
John of Hornes held the Prince-bishopric of Liège from 1484 until his death in 1505, navigating the diocese through persistent tensions with the Habsburgs as Maximilian of Austria consolidated control over the Low Countries. The patard denomination itself had been standardized across the Burgundian monetary system by ducal ordinance, and ecclesiastical moneyers like those at Liège were under continuous pressure to conform to weight and fineness standards set by secular overlords — a friction that shows up in the numismatic record as subtle but traceable variations in type.
The Dengis corpus distinguishes at least two die variants for this type, catalogued separately as Levinson II-88 and II-89.