Frederik III struck these dalers at a moment of existential crisis: Sweden's Karl X Gustav had marched his army across the frozen Øresund and Lille Bælt in February 1658, reaching Copenhagen itself and forcing the Treaty of Roskilde — the single greatest territorial loss in Danish history. The subsequent siege of Copenhagen in 1658–59 disrupted virtually every civic institution, and coinage production at the royal mint continued under direct military threat.
The Rønning distinction between varieties 45a and 45b reflects documented die differences, not mere collector convention.
Frederik III struck these dalers at a moment of existential crisis: Sweden's Karl X Gustav had marched his army across the frozen Øresund and Lille Bælt in February 1658, reaching Copenhagen itself and forcing the Treaty of Roskilde — the single greatest territorial loss in Danish history. The subsequent siege of Copenhagen in 1658–59 disrupted virtually every civic institution, and coinage production at the royal mint continued under direct military threat.
The Rønning distinction between varieties 45a and 45b reflects documented die differences, not mere collector convention.