1 Solidus In the name of Heraclius and Heraclius Constantine, Cross with flat ends, equal busts with broken legend

The Avar Khaganate produced no native coinage of its own — these solidi are imitations, struck or cast to facilitate trade and tribute payments with Byzantium and neighboring powers. This type copies the solidus of Heraclius and his son, a pairing that dominated Byzantine gold from 613 onward, but Avar craftsmen working outside any imperial mint tradition introduced consistent deviations: flattened cross terminals, broken legends, and equalized bust sizes that betray unfamiliarity with the hierarchical distinctions the Constantinople mint was careful to preserve.

The Elemér typology places this among a small group of identifiable Avar imitative issues recovered primarily from Pannonian grave contexts.