1 Solidus - Friedrich and Wilhelm Kettler Mitau, type 2

Historical Context: The 1 Solidus, issued by Friedrich and Wilhelm Kettler (1602-1611), reflects a pivotal era for the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia. As a Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth vassal, the Duchy navigated internal tensions under the Kettler brothers' co-rule; Friedrich favored the Commonwealth, Wilhelm sought Swedish ties. This low-denomination billon coinage was vital for daily commerce, underscoring ducal efforts to maintain economic stability and assert monetary sovereignty amidst the Baltic region's shifting political landscape.

Artistry: The artistry of this solidus, typical for early 17th-century Baltic billon, prioritizes function. Specific engravers are rarely known for such utilitarian issues. Designs likely adhered to late Renaissance/nascent Baroque styles, emphasizing clear heraldic devices. Common motifs for Courland solidi include the ducal arms, often quartered, or a monogram, encircled by a legible legend detailing the rulers' titles. The aesthetic focused on clear identification and monetary value, not intricate artistic expression.

Technical/Grading: From a technical perspective, the 1 Solidus presents grading challenges. Struck in billon, a low-purity silver alloy, these coins frequently exhibit weak strikes, especially on high relief points like the ducal crown or heraldic details. Planchet quality is often inconsistent, leading to irregular shapes or minor flaws. Off-centering is common. Given its small size (18mm, 0.96g) and role as a circulating low-denomination piece, significant wear, corrosion, and damage are frequently observed, making well-preserved examples scarce.