1 Sesino - Duke Fancisco Farnese

Historical Context: This 1709 copper Sesino was issued during the reign of Duke Fancisco Farnese (1694-1727) of Parma and Piacenza. His rule, though marked by the broader conflicts of the War of the Spanish Succession, saw efforts to maintain the Duchy's autonomy and economic stability. As a low-denomination coin, the Sesino was vital for everyday commerce, reflecting the practical monetary needs of the populace and asserting the Duke's sovereign right to coinage within Piacenza.

Artistry: The design, characteristic of early 18th-century Italian ducal coinage, adheres to a simplified Baroque aesthetic, common for utilitarian copper issues. While the specific engraver remains unrecorded, the obverse typically features a laureate or draped bust of Duke Fancisco Farnese, rendered with a degree of conventional dignity. The reverse often displays the Farnese lilies or ducal arms, signifying dynastic authority, usually surrounded by the legend and date. The overall execution prioritizes clarity over intricate detail, reflecting its purpose as circulating currency.

Technical/Grading: Struck on a small (17 mm) copper flan weighing 1.1 grams, this Sesino often exhibits characteristic production variations. High-points for wear or strike weakness include the Duke's hair and facial features on the obverse, and the central elements of the arms on the reverse. Planchets frequently show minor irregularities, and strikes can be inconsistent, with areas of weakness or slight off-centering common. Surface preservation is a critical factor for copper, with corrosion or environmental damage often impacting overall grade and eye appeal.