1 Scudo d'Oro - Sixtus V

Felice Peretti's pontificate as Sixtus V lasted only five years, but his fiscal reorganization of the Papal States was aggressive enough to leave the treasury with a genuine surplus — a near-unprecedented condition for Rome at the time. He achieved this partly by selling venal offices on an industrial scale and by restructuring the Monte della Pietà, the state lending institution. The scudo d'oro issues of his reign reflect that brief solvency rather than the chronic deficit financing that plagued most of his predecessors and successors.

Berman 1310 distinguishes this type within a pontificate that produced several scudo varieties across different years.