1 Scudo d'Oro - Sixtus V

Felice Peretti became Sixtus V in April 1585 and immediately launched one of the most aggressive fiscal and administrative reforms the Papal States had seen in generations — selling offices, taxing grain, and accumulating a treasury surplus he stored physically in the Castel Sant'Angelo. The Ancona mint was among the provincial operations he kept active as part of his broader effort to assert control over papal territories that had grown financially unruly under Gregory XIII.

His five-year pontificate ended in 1590, making dated gold from any of his mints relatively short-window issues.