Paul III — Alessandro Farnese — was the pope who convened the Council of Trent in 1545, but by the time this scudo was struck in Bologna, he was already maneuvering the political groundwork for it, playing Habsburg against Valois while extracting territorial concessions for his nephews. Bologna's papal mint operated under close scrutiny from Rome; the city had only been firmly reintegrated under direct papal administration since 1506, and the mint's output was periodically audited against Roman standards.
The Berman 926f designation marks a specific die variant within the Bologna sequence — Chimienti's documentation of this type identifies meaningful variation across the 903 series.
Paul III — Alessandro Farnese — was the pope who convened the Council of Trent in 1545, but by the time this scudo was struck in Bologna, he was already maneuvering the political groundwork for it, playing Habsburg against Valois while extracting territorial concessions for his nephews. Bologna's papal mint operated under close scrutiny from Rome; the city had only been firmly reintegrated under direct papal administration since 1506, and the mint's output was periodically audited against Roman standards.
The Berman 926f designation marks a specific die variant within the Bologna sequence — Chimienti's documentation of this type identifies meaningful variation across the 903 series.