1 Scudo d'Oro - Emanuele Filiberto

Emanuele Filiberto struck these gold scudi after recovering the Duchy of Savoy through the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis in 1559, having spent decades as a general in Habsburg service rather than ruling his own dismembered state. His monetary reforms were part of a deliberate reconstruction of ducal authority — Savoy had been occupied by France for over twenty years and lacked coherent coinage of its own. The mint at Turin was central to reasserting that sovereignty in hard metal.

The series runs across multiple mint years within the 1570–1577 window, with minor die variations documented under MIR#499.