1 Schilling - Johannes IV Duesborg

The Bishopric of Dorpat occupied an increasingly precarious position in the early sixteenth century, squeezed between the Livonian Order, the Republic of Novgorod's successor states, and the expanding ambitions of Muscovy under Ivan III's heirs. Johannes IV Duesborg served as bishop from 1513 to 1515, a tenure so short that his coinage issues are among the scarcest of any Dorpat bishop. The billon content reflects the monetary degradation common across Livonian ecclesiastical mints in this period, as silver supplies tightened and trade imbalances with Muscovy worsened.