1 Rupee - Shah Alam II Jagadhri, Najibabad Mint

Historical Context: This 1 Rupee coin, issued by the nascent Sikh Empire between 1801 and 1806, bears the name of Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II. This was a strategic political maneuver, allowing regional powers like the Sikhs to assert authority while maintaining a semblance of legitimacy. Struck at the Jagadhri mint, with a nominal Najibabad mint-mark, it reflects the complex power dynamics in early 19th-century Punjab, a period of significant Sikh expansion and consolidation under Maharaja Ranjit Singh.

Artistry: The coin’s design adheres closely to prevailing Mughal numismatic tradition, characterized by intricate Nastaliq calligraphy. While the engraver remains anonymous, the stylistic school is Indo-Islamic, focusing on textual legends. The obverse typically features Shah Alam II’s couplet, while the reverse carries the mint name (Najibabad, likely a frozen or adopted mint-mark) and regnal year. The compact 19mm flan often results in dense script, with portions of the legend extending beyond the planchet.

Technical/Grading: Struck in silver at 11 grams, this rupee exhibits characteristics typical of early 19th-century Indian hand-struck coinage. High-points for wear and strike quality include the raised elements of the central legends and calligraphic flourishes. Collectors should anticipate variations in strike, including off-centering, slight double striking, and unevenness in the planchet. A well-centered strike with full details of the mint-mark and date is highly desirable, reflecting the manual production methods of the era.