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| 正面描述 | The obverse field is entirely occupied by the Kalima Tayyiba (Islamic declaration of faith) rendered in bold, deeply struck Naskh calligraphy. The central legend reads 'La ilaha illa Allah, Muhammad rasul Allah' (There is no god but God, Muhammad is the Messenger of God), occupying the primary field. Below the central legend, the names of the four Rightly Guided Caliphs — Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali — are inscribed in two lines, a distinctive feature of the Sunni Kalima type introduced under Akbar. The entire inscription is enclosed within a plain linear border, with no figurative imagery, consistent with Islamic numismatic tradition. The die is characteristically irregular in shape, reflecting the hand-hammered production technique of the Mughal mint. |
|---|---|
| 正面文字 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 正面铭文 | لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله أبو بكر، عمر، عثمان، علي |
| 背面描述 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面文字 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面铭文 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 边缘 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 铸币厂 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 铸造量 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 附加信息 |
This issue belongs to the early standardization of Mughal silver coinage under Akbar, whose monetary reforms from the 1560s onward established the rupee as a durable trans-regional currency. The Kalima type — bearing the Islamic declaration of faith — was among the first rupee designs Akbar authorized, though he would later controversially suppress Quranic inscriptions on coinage during his heterodox religious experiments of the 1580s, making these earlier pieces the orthodox baseline against which his later departures were measured.
Agra was one of the primary imperial mints throughout Akbar's reign, operating under strict weight standards enforced by the imperial assay system.