1 Rouble The System of the Courts of Arbitration of the Russian Federation

Issued to mark the arbitration court system established in post-Soviet Russia, this rouble belongs to a long-running Bank of Russia commemorative series dedicated to state institutions. The arbitration courts themselves were reconstituted in 1992 following the dissolution of the USSR, replacing the Soviet-era system of "state arbitrazh" — administrative bodies that resolved disputes between state enterprises rather than functioning as independent courts in any meaningful sense. The transition to genuine judicial arbitration was considered one of the more substantive legal reforms of the early Federation period.