1 Riffan

The State Bank of the Riff was established by Abd el-Krim al-Khattabi during the short-lived Republic of the Rif, the Berber proto-state in northern Morocco that held off both Spanish and French forces until its collapse in 1926. This note is among the rarest products of any twentieth-century revolutionary government — the Rif Republic's entire monetary experiment was compressed into roughly three years, and issuance was extremely limited.

Whether these ever circulated meaningfully among the Riffian population, or functioned primarily as instruments of political legitimacy, remains genuinely unclear in the literature. Most known survivors appear unissued.