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1 Real - Sebastião I Goa mint

Issuer Portuguese India
Year 1562-1564
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Currency Pardau (1509-1580)
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Obverse description Royal crowned monogram of King Sebastião I occupying the central field, formed by the interlaced letters S and R (Sebastianus Rex), surmounted by a heraldic crown. Small decorative stars or pellets appear in the lower field flanking the monogram. The design is characteristic of Portuguese colonial hammered coinage of the mid-sixteenth century, with an irregular flan typical of Goa mint production. The partial legend reading SEBASTIANVS REX is present around the monogram, though often incomplete due to the small flan size.
Obverse script Latin
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Additional information

Sebastião I was thirteen years old when these coins were struck at Goa, his reign having begun in 1557 under regency governance. Portuguese India's copper coinage of this period was produced primarily to serve local market transactions that silver and gold could not practically reach, and Goa's mint was operating under persistent logistical pressure — copper supplies to Estado da India depended on irregular shipping from Lisbon and whatever could be sourced through local trade networks. The young king would go on to die at Alcácer Quibir in 1578, triggering a succession crisis that ultimately delivered Portugal into Spanish hands under Philip II.

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