1 Real Insurgent Coinage

Oaxaca became one of the most prolific issuers of insurgent coinage during Mexico's independence struggle, operating provisional mints precisely because royalist forces controlled the established mints at Mexico City and Guanajuato. The pieces struck under José María Morelos were deliberate instruments of administrative legitimacy — circulated within insurgent-controlled territory to demonstrate that a functioning parallel government existed.

Copper was the practical choice under siege conditions. KM#222 is known with enough die variation across the 1811–1813 window to suggest multiple working dies cut by different hands.