1 Real - Fernando VII

Fernando VII never actually governed Spain during these years — he was held at Valençay under Napoleon's effective house arrest while his father Charles IV had already abdicated. The coins struck in his name between 1811 and 1814 were issued by the Regency Council and later the Cortes of Cádiz, governing bodies that claimed legitimacy in the king's absence while simultaneously drafting the liberal Constitution of 1812 Fernando would later abolish upon his return.

The Cádiz mint bore the primary striking burden during the siege years, with Seville and other peninsular mints operating under severe disruption from French occupation.