1 Quinarius - Imitating Lucius Verus, 161-169

Germanic imitations of Roman gold coinage proliferated during the third and fourth centuries as tribal elites acquired Roman currency through trade, tribute, and military service, then reproduced it — sometimes with considerable fidelity, sometimes with striking abstraction — for use in gift exchange and status display rather than market transactions. The quinarius, Rome's half-aureus denomination, was an odd model to copy; it circulated rarely even within the empire. Its selection here likely reflects whatever prototype happened to be available rather than any deliberate denominational choice.

The BMC Vandal reference returns blank, leaving attribution to the "uncertain Germanic tribes" catchall that covers a frustratingly broad geography and chronology.