1 Quattrino Romano - Leo XII ROM.

Leo XII's papacy is often remembered for its rigidly reactionary character — he reversed many of the administrative modernizations introduced under Pius VII, reimposed ghetto restrictions on Rome's Jewish population, and banned vaccination against smallpox on theological grounds. The quattrino romano was a denomination with deep roots in papal coinage, but by the 1820s it was economically marginal, its purchasing power nearly negligible in a currency system already straining under the Papal States' chronic fiscal disorder.

Copper issues of this type frequently suffered inconsistent planchet preparation at the Rome mint during this period, accounting for the surface irregularities commonly seen on surviving examples.