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1 Quattrino

Issuer Republic of Siena
Year 1404-1555
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Obverse description Within a plain inner circle, a large Gothic letter S dominates the field, surmounted by a small cross pattee, the whole serving as the civic emblem of Siena. The S is rendered in a bold, stylised medieval script characteristic of Sienese billon coinage of the period. A circular Latin legend runs along the periphery outside the inner circle, partially obscured by the irregular flan edge. The overall style is consistent with hammered medieval Italian municipal coinage.
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Reverse description A plain cross with expanded arms occupies the central field, enclosed within a plain inner circle. The cross divides the field into four equal quarters and is rendered in the flat, unadorned style typical of medieval Italian billon coinage. A circular Latin legend reading CIVITAS VIRGIN surrounds the inner circle, referencing Siena's dedication to the Virgin Mary as patroness of the city. The lettering is punctuated by a pellet stop and shows the characteristic irregular strike of hand-hammered coinage.
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