1 Quadrans Series III

Vetulonia, one of the twelve cities of the Etruscan League, struck this bronze series during a period when Hannibal's campaigns across the Italian peninsula had fractured Roman authority and forced allied and Etruscan communities into urgent monetary decisions. The precise motivation behind Vetulonia's Series III coinage remains debated — whether civic initiative or pressure from Rome to contribute to the war economy — but the dating places it squarely within the Second Punic War's most volatile phase.

The city itself was in decline by this period, never recovering its archaic prominence as an Etruscan center of wealth and metalwork.