1 Quadrans Dots left

The heavy cast bronzes of uncertain central Italian origin present one of Roman numismatics' more stubborn attribution problems. The "dots left" variety designation tracks a pellet placement detail used by scholars to distinguish die groups within what may represent output from multiple autonomous mints operating under broadly similar metrological conventions during the Second Punic War period — or, equally plausibly, a single mint across a production span of several decades.

At roughly 96 grams, this piece predates the systematic debasement that would eventually reduce the Roman as to a fraction of its original weight by the close of the third century BC.