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| 正面描述 | 登录 以查看详情 |
|---|---|
| 正面文字 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 正面铭文 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面描述 | A club (knotted staff) depicted horizontally at centre, serving as the series symbol of this Volaterran issue. Three value marks are arranged around the club: two dots to the left and one dot to the right, denoting the quadrans denomination (three unciae). The club is encircled by the Etruscan civic legend identifying the issuing city. |
| 背面文字 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面铭文 | VELA - ΘRI (Translation: Volaterrae) |
| 边缘 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 铸币厂 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 铸造量 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 附加信息 |
Volaterrae — modern Volterra — was among the most powerful Etruscan cities still operating its own bronze coinage in the third century BC, and the Club series represents one of its heavier, earlier issues, struck at a standard closer to the uncial system before weight reduction took hold across central Italy. The timing places these pieces squarely within the period of Roman consolidation of Etruria, a process largely completed without the open warfare that consumed other regions, though the political pressure was relentless.
The aes grave tradition here is distinctly local — Volaterran bronzes were cast, not struck, and the club as a series marker distinguishes issues within a complex internal typology that scholars including Haeberlin spent considerable effort untangling.