1 Qiran - Fatḥ Alī Qājār Urūmīyeh mint

Fath Ali Shah's regional minting network was notoriously inconsistent — the Urmia mint operated intermittently, and its output from the 1820s is among the thinner documented series in Qajar coinage. By this point in his reign, Fath Ali had survived both Russo-Persian wars of 1804–1813 and was navigating the humiliating aftermath of the Treaty of Gulistan, which had ceded significant Caucasian territories to Russia. Provincial mints like Urmia served as much to assert administrative presence as to meet circulation demand.

KM#710.24 distinguishes the Urmia attribution from the broader 710 series by mint signature alone.