The Khoqand Khanate occupied the Fergana Valley from its founding in the early 18th century until its violent absorption into the Russian Empire in 1876, when General Kaufman's forces suppressed the Pulat Khan rebellion and the Tsar abolished the khanate outright. Anonymous copper pūls of this type were workhorse coinage for local bazaar trade — the bottom denomination in a system where silver tengas handled larger transactions. Attribution within the series is complicated by the absence of mint names and regnal identifiers on many issues, which is why Zeno carries this as anonymous across the entire khanate period rather than assigning it to a specific ruler's reign.
The Khoqand Khanate occupied the Fergana Valley from its founding in the early 18th century until its violent absorption into the Russian Empire in 1876, when General Kaufman's forces suppressed the Pulat Khan rebellion and the Tsar abolished the khanate outright. Anonymous copper pūls of this type were workhorse coinage for local bazaar trade — the bottom denomination in a system where silver tengas handled larger transactions. Attribution within the series is complicated by the absence of mint names and regnal identifiers on many issues, which is why Zeno carries this as anonymous across the entire khanate period rather than assigning it to a specific ruler's reign.