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1 Poltura - Francis II Rákóczi
| Issuer | Hungary |
|---|---|
| Year | 1704-1707 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Central field bears the crowned Hungarian twofold coat of arms — consisting of the traditional horizontal bars of Hungary impaled with the apostolic double cross on a mount — flanked on either side by the mintmark letters. The date is inscribed vertically along the left margin of the coin, and the denomination POLTURA appears vertically along the right margin. The shield is surmounted by a royal crown rendered in fine detail. The overall composition is unframed, with the legends and date occupying the peripheral field in a vertical orientation characteristic of Rákóczi-era copper coinage. |
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| Reverse description | The enthroned Madonna, depicted as Patrona Hungariae, is shown facing slightly forward, seated upon clouds or a throne, holding the Christ Child on her left arm. The infant raises his right hand in blessing. The Virgin wears a radiate or spiked crown and flowing robes; a sceptre or staff is visible behind her. The circular legend PATRONA HUNGARIAE — identifying the Virgin as Protector of Hungary — runs continuously around the periphery, with a small ornament at the base of the field. |
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| Additional information |
Francis II Rákóczi struck these copper poltura pieces during his rebellion against Habsburg rule — the Rákóczi Uprising of 1703–1711 — using whatever minting capacity his forces could control in Transylvania and the northern Hungarian territories. The coins functioned as emergency war money for a state that existed more in military ambition than administrative fact. Multiple die varieties account for the span of references: H#1548, H#1549, and H#1552 represent distinct emissions, likely from different mint locations or workshop hands operating under inconsistent supervision.
Rákóczi was ultimately forced into exile in 1711 following the Peace of Szatmár, dying in Ottoman Turkey in 1735 without ever returning to Hungary.