1 Pfennig - George III

George III's Hanoverian territories operated under entirely separate monetary administration from his British crown — Hanover remained a distinct electorate, and its pfennig coinage was struck under the authority of the Hanoverian chancellery rather than the London mint. The period covered by this issue spans nearly the entirety of the Napoleonic disruption, during which French forces occupied Hanover twice: briefly in 1803 and again from 1806, effectively ending regular coinage under George III's Hanoverian authority at the close of this type's run.