1 Pfenning - Charles William Ferdinand

Charles William Ferdinand ruled Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel as hereditary prince under his father until 1780, then as reigning duke until his death in 1806 — but the administrative machinery that produced these small copper coins was largely inherited from his predecessor and ran with minimal intervention. The pfennig denominations of this period were struck primarily for local market transactions at a time when North German copper coinage was notoriously inconsistent in weight and fineness across neighboring principalities.

KM#996 spans eight years of issue, suggesting steady if unspectacular demand rather than a targeted recoinage event.