1 Pfennig - Wolfgang

Historical Context: The 1 Pfennig of Wolfgang, Duke of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, was struck during a pivotal era in the Holy Roman Empire (1532-1569). Wolfgang (1526-1569) was a prominent figure of the Reformation, a staunch Lutheran, and a key member of the Schmalkaldic League. His reign saw the consolidation and expansion of his territories, navigating complex religious and political landscapes. This small silver denomination was fundamental to daily commerce, reflecting the economic stability and ducal authority amidst the turbulent religious conflicts that defined 16th-century Germany.

Artistry: For such a diminutive coin (13.3 mm), specific engraver attribution is exceedingly rare. The design adheres to the prevailing German Renaissance numismatic aesthetic for small change, emphasizing clarity over elaborate detail. Typical designs for Pfennigs of this period and issuer would feature a simplified ducal monogram of Wolfgang (W) or the Palatine lion, often combined with the arms of Zweibrücken. The artistic execution prioritizes legibility of the central motif, often encircled by a minimal legend or beaded border, reflecting the practical needs of everyday currency.

Technical/Grading: This small silver Pfennig, weighing merely 0.18 grams, is particularly susceptible to striking inconsistencies inherent to 16th-century minting techniques. High points prone to wear and strike weakness would typically include the central elements of any heraldic device, such as the lion's head or crown, or the apexes of a monogram. Collectors should anticipate variations in strike quality, including off-center strikes, planchet irregularities, and often a somewhat incomplete impression due to the manual hammer striking process and the thinness of the flan.