1 Pfennig Wittenberg; PoW Camp

Mannschaftsgefangenenlager Wittenberg was an enlisted men's prisoner-of-war camp that gained notoriety well before this note was printed — a 1915 typhus outbreak there killed hundreds of Allied prisoners and triggered an international investigation, with France and Britain both accusing German authorities of deliberately withholding medical care. The camp's internal currency was introduced under the Geneva Convention framework that required Germany to allow POWs to earn and spend small amounts, keeping foreign money out of camp circulation entirely.

At 1 Pfennig, this is the lowest denomination in the Wittenberg series — practically the smallest transaction the system could record.