1 Pfennig - William

Wilhelm of Brunswick came late to the throne — and briefly. He assumed rule of the duchy in 1830 after his brother Karl II was driven out by popular revolt, and governed under persistent liberal pressure until his death in 1884. These one-pfennig pieces fall within the final years of Brunswick's independent coinage before the monetary unification pressures of the North German Confederation began rendering small-state copper issues increasingly redundant.

The two-year window of 1859–1860 for this type is narrow enough that surviving circulated examples show honest wear rather than accumulation damage.