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1 Pfennig 'Schwarzpfennig' - Louis III, John of Neumarkt and Otto I of Pfalz-Mosbach

Issuer Upper Palatinate
Year 1443-1460
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Value 1 Pfennig
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Obverse description Divided heraldic shield displaying the two-fold arms of the Palatinate, rendered in relief within a plain rectangular frame. The left half of the shield bears a rampant lion, and the right half features a complementary charge, together representing the joint rule of the issuing princes. The design is executed in the crude but vigorous style typical of mid-15th century German hammered bracteate-influenced pfennigs, with no surrounding legend.
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Reverse description Gothic blackletter monogram composed of the letters 'A' and 'M' — likely standing for 'Ave Maria' or serving as a combined initial device — set within a plain oval or incuse circle in the center of the flan. The letters are rendered in characteristic late-medieval Gothic textura script with pronounced angular strokes. The field surrounding the monogram is plain and unadorned, consistent with the simple typology of this small circulation pfennig.
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Reverse lettering AM
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