1 Pfennig - Rupert I

Rupert I ruled the Upper Palatinate as Elector Palatine from 1353 until his death in 1390, a tenure that saw him navigate the turbulent aftermath of the Black Death and the shifting territorial ambitions of the Wittelsbacher dynasty. Small silver pfennigs of this type circulated widely across the Rhineland-Palatinate region, functioning as the workhorse denomination in an economy still recovering from the demographic collapse of the mid-fourteenth century.

The Steinh#137 attribution links this piece to Steinhilber's foundational work on medieval German bracteates and pfennigs — a catalogue that remains the primary reference for separating the numerous die variants this reign produced.