1 Pfennig - Philip Julius

Historical Context: The 1609 1 Pfennig was issued under Philip Julius, Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (1592-1625), a period of relative stability in the Holy Roman Empire just prior to the devastating Thirty Years' War. As a sovereign prince, Philip Julius maintained his own coinage rights. This copper Pfennig served as crucial small change, facilitating everyday commerce within the duchy, reflecting the local economy's demand for low-value currency amidst a complex monetary landscape.

Artistry: The artistic execution of this copper Pfennig reflects the pragmatic approach to minor coinage of the era. The engraver, likely an anonymous regional artisan, worked within the late Renaissance German provincial style, emphasizing clarity over elaborate detail. Designs commonly feature the crowned monogram of Philip Julius (PJ) on one side, while the reverse displays the denomination, date (1609), and often a simple orb or small ducal shield. The overall aesthetic is functional, ensuring easy recognition.

Technical/Grading: Given its small size and copper composition, the 1609 1 Pfennig often presents with considerable variability in strike quality. High points susceptible to wear include the ducal crown elements, any griffin details, and outer legends. Technical strikes frequently exhibit irregularities such as off-center alignment, inconsistent planchet thickness, and weak strikes, particularly on the periphery. Collectors should anticipate surface issues like corrosion common to copper coinage of this early 17th-century period.