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1 Pfennig - Otto II
| Issuer | Duchy of Bavaria |
|---|---|
| Year | 1231-1253 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Diameter | Log in to see details |
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| Technique | Hammered |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | The reverse displays a stylized architectural or episcopal motif in low relief, likely representing a mitre or tower flanked by decorative foliate or scroll elements, typical of 13th-century Bavarian ecclesiastical and dynastic pfennig types. The design is rendered in the crude but intentional manner of hammered bracteate-influenced coinage, with the central device occupying most of the irregular flan. Surrounding elements include partial curvilinear decorations consistent with the period's die-cutting style. The strike is uneven, leaving portions of the design weakly impressed due to the variable thickness of the hand-cut planchet. No legend is present on this side. |
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| Mintage | ND (1231-1253) |
| Additional information |
Otto II, called "the Illustrious," ruled Bavaria during a period of intense rivalry between the Wittelsbach dynasty and the Hohenstaufen emperors. The dating range of this issue spans the years immediately following the 1231 Raitenhaslach agreement, through which Otto consolidated territorial holdings wrested from various ecclesiastical and secular competitors. Bavarian bracteates and thin-flan pfennigs of this period were minted under decentralized authority, with multiple episcopal and ducal mints operating simultaneously — attribution to a specific facility remains contested for many emissions in the Emmerig sequence.