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1 Pfennig - Niederramstadt Wacker and Doerr
| Issuer | Wacker & Doerr, Niederramstadt |
|---|---|
| Year | |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | Log in to see details |
| Currency | Log in to see details |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | 1.1 mm |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Reverse description | Octagonal flan with a continuous pearl border along the outer edge. A twisted rope inner border encloses the central field, within which the numeral '1' appears in bold relief as the denomination. The surrounding legend 'KLEINGELDERSATZMARKE' (small change substitute token) is distributed around the annular space between the pearl and rope borders, with three small five-pointed stars serving as dividers at the base. |
| Reverse script | Log in to see details |
| Reverse lettering | KLEINGELDERSATZMARKE 1 ★ ★ ★ |
| Edge | Log in to see details |
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| Additional information |
Wacker & Doerr operated a quarry in Niederramstadt, a small village in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, and issued this iron notgeld token during the acute coin shortages of World War I, when the German imperial government had drained copper and nickel from circulation for war production. Firm-specific pfennig tokens of this type were redeemable only at the issuing company — typically at the company store — which made them instruments of wage control as much as practical currency substitutes.
Iron was the default fallback material for most industrial issuers by 1916–1917, prone to corrosion in pocket wear.