1 Pfennig - Louis V

Louis V ruled Hesse-Darmstadt during the opening decades of the Thirty Years' War, and small silver pfennig issues from his reign circulated through one of the most economically disrupted periods in early modern German history. The Kipper und Wipper crisis of 1619–1622 — a speculative debasement spiral in which minters across the Empire deliberately struck underweight coins to exploit exchange rate differentials — makes the survival of any correctly-weighted small silver from this period and region genuinely notable. Many contemporary pfennigs were melted or rejected outright.