1 Pfennig - Louis

Historical Context: This 1 Pfennig from Leiningen-Westerburg, 1610-1615, was issued under Count Ludwig (Louis) II (1597-1622). This minor Protestant German state in the Westerwald faced economic strain and political fragmentation pre-Thirty Years' War. Issuing low-denomination copper coinage reflects a pragmatic response to silver scarcity, local small change needs, and a common fiscal strategy for smaller territories during this turbulent early 17th-century period.

Artistry: Engraver attribution for common, low-value copper issues is generally unrecorded. Stylistically, this pfennig exemplifies the utilitarian numismatic tradition of early 17th-century German states. Designs feature a simplified count's monogram (likely 'L' for Louis) or a basic Leiningen arms shield on the obverse. The reverse bears denomination and date. Execution is often crude, with irregular flans and varying strike quality, reflecting rudimentary minting technology focused on practical circulation.

Technical/Grading: Given its minimal weight (0.17 gg) and diameter (12 mm), this copper pfennig is prone to wear and striking flaws. For grading, critical high points include the monogram's highest elements (e.g., 'L' serifs) or raised divisions within a simplified coat of arms on the obverse. On the reverse, numeral/lettering clarity is paramount. Weak or off-center strikes, causing incomplete legends/details, are common. Surface corrosion, typical for early copper, impacts preservation and grade.