1 Pfennig Kipper

Mühlhausen's copper Kipper pfennig belongs to the most chaotic episode in German monetary history. The Kipper- und Wipperzeit — roughly 1619 to 1623 — saw hundreds of mints, cities, and petty lords deliberately debase their coinage to exploit fixed exchange rates, flooding the Empire with underweight and low-alloy small change before dumping the worthless coins on neighboring territories. Mühlhausen, as a Free Imperial City in Thuringia, had the minting rights to participate, and participate it did.

At 0.35 g, this piece is copper through and through — no pretense of silver content whatsoever, which puts it at the blunter end of Kipper debasement practice.