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1 Pfennig - Freytag von Loringhoven Wenden
| Issuer | Livonian Order |
|---|---|
| Year | 1483-1494 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | 0.5 mm |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | The reverse displays a bold cross pattée or plain cross dividing the field into four quarters, a standard device on Livonian Order pfennig coinage of this period. The arms of the cross extend nearly to the coin's edge, with Gothic lettering fragmentarily visible in the surrounding legend. The strike is characteristically uneven, with portions of the legend weak or off-flan due to the irregular hammered flan. The design reflects the standard type employed by the Masters of the Livonian Order at the Wenden mint during the late 15th century. |
| Reverse script | Log in to see details |
| Reverse lettering | LIVONIE (Translation: of Livonia) |
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| Additional information |
The Livonian Order — a autonomous branch of the Teutonic Knights governing the Baltic territories — issued local coinage through its successive Masters, each piece tied directly to the tenure of the individual named. Bernd von der Borch's successor, Johann Freytag von Loringhoven, served as Master from 1483 to 1494 during a period of mounting pressure from both the growing power of Muscovy to the east and deteriorating relations with the Archbishop of Riga. The pfennig denomination in billon was the workhorse of local trade, thin and small enough that surviving examples in any readable condition are genuinely scarce.