1 Pfennig - Frederick William II

Historical Context: This 1 Pfennig coin was issued by the Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg under Frederick William II, reigning 1639-1669. The 1650-1660 issuance period immediately followed the devastating Thirty Years' War (1618-1648). As a small sovereign entity within the Holy Roman Empire, Saxe-Altenburg, like many German states, focused on economic recovery and administrative re-establishment. Continuous minting of small denominations like the Pfennig was vital for daily commerce, signifying a return to monetary stability in the post-war era.

Artistry: The design of this diminutive silver coin reflects practical needs for mass production of small change, not elaborate artistic expression. While no specific engraver is recorded for such low denominations, the stylistic approach aligns with simplified, functional numismatic art prevalent in German states during the mid-17th century. The obverse likely features Frederick William II's ducal monogram or initial, often surmounted by a ducal crown, while the reverse typically displays the denomination and date, all rendered basically and legibly.

Technical/Grading: Struck in silver, this coin weighs a mere 0.23 grams and measures 14.5 millimeters, making it challenging to strike with full detail. Consequently, examples often exhibit weak strikes, particularly on the highest design points like the crown’s flourishes or monogram details. Off-centering and irregular flans are common, reflecting 17th-century minting limitations for small planchets. A well-centered example with a strong, even strike and minimal wear across all design elements would be exceptional for the type.